Illustration: “The Modocs in Their Stronghold,” a wood engraving published in Harper’s Weekly, 3 May 1873. Credit: Wikimedia Commons.

Captain Jack’s 52 Modoc Warriors Defeated 400 U.S. Troops

By Tony Pettinato on January 17, 2025

Surrounded by 400 soldiers and two cannons, 53 Modoc warriors fought desperately to defend their families in the First Battle of the Stronghold in 1873... (Read More)

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